腎臟科常見門診疾病
腎臟科是內科學的一個分枝，主要處理的是腎臟及泌尿系統的相關問題及疾病。
- 常見可能與腎臟疾病相關的症狀：水腫、尿液多泡沫、高血壓、貧血、倦怠等。
- 常見須看腎臟科的問題：蛋白尿、血尿、腎功能異常等。
- 常見須看腎臟科的疾病：腎衰竭、泌尿道感染、電解質異常、藥物或毒物中毒、高血壓等。
腎臟科常處理的疾病
- 急性腎衰竭、慢性腎衰竭
- 腎病症候群
- 急性腎炎、泌尿道感染
- 各種電解質異常
- 藥物或毒物中毒的處置
- 高血壓
- 腎臟移植的術後照顧
- 血液透析及腹膜透析病患的照顧
腎臟科常見門診疾病中英文對照表
| 英文疾病名稱 | 中文疾病名稱 |
| SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS | 症狀與徵侯 |
| Abdominal pain | 腹痛 |
| Allergic reaction | 過敏反應 |
| Ascites | 腹水 |
| Constipation | 便秘 |
| Edema | 水腫 |
| Fever | 發燒 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 胃腸道出血 |
| Headache | 頭痛 |
| Hematuria | 血尿 |
| Hypotension | 低血壓 |
| Insomnia | 失眠 |
| Low back pain, lumbago, low back syndrome | 下背痛 |
| Myalgia, myofascial pain syndrome | 肌痛 / 肌筋膜痛徵候群 |
| Proteinuria | 蛋白尿 |
| Pruritus | 皮膚搔癢症 |
| Renal colic | 腎絞痛 |
| Urticaria | 蕁麻疹 |
| SPECIFIC DISEASES | 特定疾病 |
| Acute cystitis | 急性膀胱炎 |
| Acute gastroenteritis | 急性胃腸炎 |
| Acute glomerulonephritis | 急性腎絲球腎炎 |
| Acute lung edema | 急性肺水腫 |
| Acute pyelonephritis | 急性腎盂腎炎 |
| Acute renal failure | 急性腎衰竭 |
| Acute renal failure with tubular necrosis | 急性腎衰竭，併腎小管壞死病灶 |
| Anemia | 貧血 |
| Asthma | 氣喘 |
| Atony of bladder | 膀胱無張力 |
| Benign prostate hypertrophy | 攝護腺（前列腺）增生 |
| Bladder cancer | 膀胱惡性腫瘤 |
| Bladder stone | 膀胱結石 |
| Cellulitis | 蜂窩組織炎 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 腦血管疾病 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 慢性支氣管炎 |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 慢性腎絲球腎炎 |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis | 慢性腎絲球腎炎，併膜狀增生性腎絲球腎炎 |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis in membranous glomerulonephritis | 慢性腎絲球腎炎，併膜狀腎絲球腎炎 |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis in rapid progressive glomerulonephritis | 慢性腎絲球腎炎，併快速進行性腎絲球腎炎 |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus | 全身紅斑性狼瘡併慢性腎絲球腎炎 |
| Chronic hepatitis | 慢性肝炎 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 |
| Chronic pyelonephritis | 慢性腎盂腎炎 |
| Chronic renal failure ( End stage renal disease ) | 慢性腎衰竭 |
| Colon cancer | 結腸惡性腫瘤 |
| Complication of kidney transplantation | 腎臟移植併發症 |
| Congestive heart disease | 充血性心臟衰竭 |
| Coronary artery disease | 冠狀動脈疾病 |
| Cyst of kidney, acquired | 後天性腎囊腫 |
| Cystic kidney disease | 囊腫性腎病 |
| Cystitis | 膀胱炎 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 糖尿病 |
| Diabetes mellitus with background diabetic retinopathy (BDR) | 背景型糖尿病視網膜病變 |
| Diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | 糖尿病腎病變 |
| Diabetes mellitus with neuropathy | 糖尿病神經病變 |
| Diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) | 增殖性糖尿病視網膜病變 |
| Diabetes mellitus, insulin dependent | 糖尿病（胰島素依賴型，幼年型） |
| Duodenal ulcer | 十二指腸潰瘍 |
| Essential hypertenion | 本態性高血壓 |
| Exit site or tunnel infection, hemodialysis | 血液透析導管出口處或隧道感染症 |
| Exit site or tunnel infection, peritoneal dialysis | 腹膜透析導管出口處或隧道感染症 |
| Fatty liver | 脂肪肝 |
| Functional disorders of bladder | 膀胱功能障礙 |
| Functional gastric disorder | 胃功能性障礙 |
| Gall stone | 膽囊結石 |
| Gastric ulcer | 胃潰瘍 |
| Gastritis | 胃炎 |
| Glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus | 全身紅斑性狼瘡併腎絲球腎炎 |
| Gouty arthritis | 關節炎 |
| Hemorrhoid | 痔瘡 |
| Hepatoma | 肝癌 |
| Hepatorenal syndrome | 肝腎徵候群 |
| Hydronephrosis | 腎水腫 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 高脂血症 |
| Hyperosmolality and /or hypernatremia | 高滲透壓及／或血鈉過高症 |
| Hyperpotassaemia | 血鉀過高症 |
| Hypertensive renal disease | 高血壓性腎臟疾病 |
| Hypopotassaemia | 血鉀過低症 |
| Hyposmolality and /or hyponatremia | 低滲透壓及／或血鈉過低症 |
| IgA, IgM nephritis | IgA,IgM 腎炎 |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 鐵質缺乏性貧血 |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 激躁性結腸症 |
| Kidney transplantation | 腎臟器官或組織之移植術後狀態 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 肝硬化 |
| Lung cancer | 肺癌 |
| Malignant neoplasm of kidney, except pelvis | 腎臟惡性腫瘤，腎盂除外 |
| Multiple myeloma | 多發性骨髓瘤 |
| Nephritis and nephropathy | 腎炎及腎病變 |
| Nephrotic syndrome | 腎病徵候群 |
| Nephrotic syndrome in amylodosis | 類澱粉病併腎病徵候群 |
| Nephrotic syndrome in focal segmental glomerular sclerosis | 腎病徵候群，併局部區段性腎絲球硬化 |
| Nephrotic syndrome in membranoproliferative glomerulinephritis | 腎病徵候群，併膜狀增生性腎絲球腎炎 |
| Nephrotic syndrome in membranous glomerulonephritis | 腎病徵候群，併膜狀腎絲球腎炎 |
| Nephrotic syndrome in minimal change disease | 腎病徵候群，併微量變化絲球腎炎病灶 |
| Nephrotic syndrome in proliferative glomerulonephritis | 腎病徵候群，併增生性腎絲球腎炎 |
| Obstructive uropathy | 阻塞性尿路病變 |
| Osteoarthritis | 骨關節病 |
| Osteoporosis | 骨質疏鬆症 |
| Peptic ulcer | 消化性潰瘍 |
| Peritonitis | 腹膜炎 |
| Pneumonia | 肺炎 |
| Polycystic kidney | 多囊性腎 |
| Pure hypercholesterolaemia | 純高膽固醇血症 |
| Pure hypertriglyceridemia | 純高三酸甘油脂血症 |
| Rapid progressive glomerulonephritis | 快速進行性腎絲球腎炎 |
| Rapidly progressive renal failure | 快速進行性腎衰竭 |
| Rectum cancer | 直腸惡性腫瘤 |
| Renal and perinephric abscess | 腎臟及腎周圍膿瘍 |
| Renal failure | 腎衰竭 |
| Renal or perirenal hematoma | 腎臟及腎周圍出血或血腫 |
| Renal or perirenal hematoma | 腎臟及腎周圍出血或血腫 ( 醫療程序引起之併發症 ) |
| Renal osteodystrophy | 腎性骨發育不全 |
| Renal pelvis cancer | 腎盂惡性腫瘤 |
| Renal stone | 腎結石 |
| Secondary hyperparathyroidism | 續發性副甲狀腺功能亢進 |
| Secondary hypertension | 續發性高血壓 |
| Simple cyst, renal | 單純性腎囊腫 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 紅斑性狼瘡 |
| Tuberculosis of kidney | 腎結核病 |
| Tuberculosis of lung | 肺結核病 |
| Upper respiratory infection | 上呼吸道感染 |
| Ureter stone | 輸尿管結石 |
| Urinary tract infection | 泌尿道感染 |
| Vascular access infection ( arteriovenous shunt ) | 動靜脈廔管之血管通路發炎 |
| Vascular access occlusion ( arteriovenous shunt ) | 動靜脈廔管之血管通路阻塞 |
| Vascular disorders of kidney | 腎血管疾病 |
| Vasculitis | 血管炎 |
| Vesicoureteral reflux | 膀胱輸尿管尿液倒流 |
腎病症候群為常見的小兒慢性腎臟病，常見於2到6歲的兒童。簡單來說，腎病症候群是指腎臟功能不佳所引起蛋白由小便中流失，以致引起一系列的症狀，包括水腫(多在眼皮四周、陰囊以及下肢)、體重增加、高膽固醇血症( 大於 200 mg / dL)以及白蛋白低下( 小於 2.5 g / dL)。一般而言，腎病症候群的發生率為4-5/10,000，而男生的比例較高(約2:1)，目前被認為常見於具有家族過敏史的兒童身上。
