耳鼻喉科學是一門醫學專科,專門研究耳、鼻、喉病變的診斷及治療,近來除了顱骨、腦部及牙齒以外的頭頸部外科領域也被歸入這個專科。耳、鼻、喉是頭顱內三個相連的器官,由於這個部位的病變都會相互影響,所以常集中一起研究。日常醫生會用耳、鼻、喉三個字的英文簡寫「ENT」(Ear, Nose and Throat)來表示這門科學。
耳鼻喉科在一般人的印象中似乎是只是看感冒的科,其實不然,耳鼻喉科的全名叫做耳鼻喉頭頸外科,也就是說除了耳朵鼻子喉嚨之外,頭頸部的問題都是屬於耳鼻喉科的範圍,因此若是有任何頭頸部的問題都可以先掛耳鼻喉科來尋求協助。
英文疾病名稱 | 中文疾病名稱 |
INFECTION | 感染 |
Chicken pox | 水痘 |
Herpetic geniculate ganglionitis | 耳帶狀泡疹 |
Herpetic gingivostomatitis | 泡疹性齒齦口腔炎 |
Herpangina | 泡疹性咽峽炎 |
Hand,foot and mouth disease | 手、足、口症 |
Oral thrush | 鵝口瘡 |
DISEASE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | 呼吸系統疾病 |
Common cold | 感冒 |
Acute sinusitis | 急性鼻竇炎 |
Acute pharyngitis | 急性咽炎 |
Acute tonsillitis | 急性扁桃腺炎 |
Acute laryngitis | 急性喉炎 |
Acute epiglottitis | 急性會厭炎 |
Croup | 嘶哮 |
Acute upper respiratory infections | 急性上呼吸道感染 |
Acute bronchitis | 急性支氣管炎 |
Acute bronchiolitis | 急性細支氣管炎 |
Influenza | 流行性感冒 |
Asthma | 氣喘 |
TUMOR | 腫瘤 |
Malignant neoplasm of tongue | 舌癌 |
Malignant neoplasm of salivary gland | 唾液腺癌 |
Malignant neoplasm of mouth | 口腔癌 |
Malignant neoplasm of nasopharynx | 鼻咽癌 |
Malignant neoplasm of hypopharynx | 下咽癌 |
Malignant neoplasm of larynx | 喉癌 |
Secondary malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes of neck | 頸部淋巴腺續發性腫瘤 |
Benign neoplasm of salivary glands | 唾液腺良性腫瘤 |
Benign neoplasm of thyroid gland | 甲狀腺良性腫瘤 |
DISEASE OF THE EAR | 耳部疾病 |
Acute otitis externa | 急性外耳炎 |
Otomycosis | 外耳道黴菌症 |
Impacted cerumen | 耳垢栓塞 |
Serous otitis media | 漿液性中耳炎 |
Dysfunction of eustachian tube | 耳咽管功能不良 |
Acute otitis media | 急性中耳炎 |
Acute myringitis | 急性鼓膜炎 |
Chronic myringitis | 慢性鼓膜炎 |
Perforation of tympanic membrane | 鼓膜穿孔 |
Traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane | 鼓膜外傷性穿孔 |
Cholesteatoma of middle ear | 中耳膽脂瘤 |
Meniere's disease | 梅尼爾氏症 |
Peripheral vertigo | 末稍眩暈 |
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo | 良性陣發性位置性眩暈 |
Vestibulopathy | 內耳前庭病變 |
Vertigo of central origin | 中樞性之眩暈 |
Labyrinthitis | 迷路炎 |
Presbyacusis | 老年性失聰 |
Sudden hearing loss | 突發性耳聾 |
Tinnitus | 耳鳴 |
Otalgia | 耳痛 |
Hearing loss | 耳聾 |
DISEASE OF THE NOSE | 鼻部疾病 |
Deviated nasal septum | 鼻中隔彎曲 |
Nasal polyp | 鼻瘜肉 |
Chronic rhinitis | 慢性鼻炎 |
Chronic pharyngitis | 慢性咽炎 |
Chronic sinusitis | 慢性鼻竇炎 |
Chronic tonsillitis | 慢性扁桃腺炎 |
Peritonsillar abscess | 扁桃腺周圍膿瘍 |
Allergic rhinitis | 過敏性鼻炎 |
Mucocele of nasal sinus | 鼻竇粘液囊腫 |
Nose vestibulitis | 鼻前庭炎 |
Fracture of nasal bone | 鼻骨骨折 |
Fracture of maxillary bone | 上頷骨骨折 |
DISEASE OF VOCAL CORD | 聲帶疾病 |
Paralysis of vocal cord | 聲帶痳痺 |
Polyp of vocal cord | 聲帶瘜肉 |
Vocal cords nodule | 聲帶結節 |
Acute chorditis | 急性聲帶炎 |
DISEASE OF ORAL CAVITY | 口腔疾病 |
Sialoadenitis | 唾液腺炎 |
Sialolithiasis | 唾液腺結石 |
Oral aphthae | 口瘡 |
Cyst of oral soft tissues | 口腔軟組織囊腫 |
Leukoplakia of oral mucosa | 口腔黏膜白斑症 |
Oral ulcer | 口腔潰瘍 |
Glossitis | 舌炎 |
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES | 先天畸形 |
branchial cleft cyst | 先天性鰓裂囊腫 |
Preauricular fistula | 耳前廔管 |
Tongue tie | 舌繫帶短縮 |
Thyroglossal cyst | 甲狀腺舌管囊腫 |
SYMPTOMS | 症狀 |
Sleep disturbance | 睡眠障礙 |
Loss sense of smell | 嗅覺喪失 |
Neck mass | 頸部腫塊 |
Dysphonia | 發音障礙 |
Dysarthria | 構音異常,吶吃 |
Epistaxis | 流鼻血 |
Lymphadenopathy | 淋巴病變 |
Cough | 咳嗽 |
Dysphagia | 吞嚥困難 |
Foreign body | 異物 |
Foreign body in ear | 耳之異物 |
Foreign body in nose | 鼻之異物 |
Foreign body in pharynx | 咽之異物 |
Foreign body in larynx | 喉之異物 |
Foreign body in trachea | 氣管之異物 |
Foreign body in bronchus | 支氣管之異物 |
Foreign body in respiratory tract | 呼吸道之異物 |
Foreign body in esophagus | 食道之異物 |
OTHER | 其他 |
Lymphadenitis | 淋巴腺炎 |
Facial paralysis | 顏面神經痳痺 |
Cellulitis and abscess of neck | 頸部蜂窩組織炎及膿瘍 |
Developmental speech disorder | 語言發展障礙 |
Thyroid disease | 甲狀腺疾病 |
耳鼻喉科一般看診的常見疾病有以下: