精神科常見門診疾病
精神醫學目前是一門醫學專科，內容是關於心智/精神疾患的預防、、甚至壽命。精神疾患因為容易慢性化及復發，患者常需要長期或終生接受治療。如何採取有效的治療，常因不同的患者及情境而有不同的考量。
在中文裡，醫療院所中的精神科也可能會被稱身心科、身心醫學科；然而在德國，身心科與精神科則屬於兩種不同疾患。而兒童精神科也可能被稱兒童心智科或兒童心理科。
精神醫學與神經醫學從數十年前分開，神經醫學處理如中風等腦部疾患，精神醫學則治療心智疾患(mental illness)；隨著神經科學進展，這兩個研究中樞神經疾病的臨床範圍於近年互有涵蓋。
精神科常見門診疾病中英文對照表
| 英文疾病名稱 | 中文疾病名稱 |
| Senile and presenile organic psychotic conditions | 老年期及初老年期器質性精神病態 |
| Senile dementia | 老年期癡呆症 |
| Presenile dementia | 初老年期癡呆症 |
| Senile dementia with delusional features | 老年性癡呆症，合併妄想型 |
| Senile dementia with depressive features | 老年性癡呆症，合併憂鬱型 |
| Senile dementia with delirium | 老年性癡呆症，併有譫妄 |
| Arteriosclerotic dementia | 動脈硬化性癡呆症 |
| Alcoholic psychoses | 酒精性精神病 |
| Alcohol withdrawal delirium | 酒精戒斷性譫妄 |
| Alcohol amnestic syndrome | 酒精性失憶徵候群 |
| Alcoholic dementia | 酒精性癡呆 |
| Alcohol withdrawal hallucinosis | 酒精戒斷性幻覺症 |
| Idiosyncratic alcohol intoxication | 特異性酒精中毒 |
| Alcoholic jealousy | 酒精性嫉妒症 |
| Drug psychoses | 藥物性精神病 |
| Transient organic psychotic conditions | 暫時性器質性精神病狀態 |
| Acute delirium | 急性譫妄 |
| Subacute delirium | 亞急性譫妄 |
| Organic delusional syndrome | 器質性妄想徵候群 |
| Organic hallucinosis syndrome | 器質性幻覺徵候群 |
| Organic affective syndrome | 器質性情感徵候群 |
| Other organic psychotic conditions ( chronic ) | 其他器質性精神病狀態（慢性） |
| Amnestic syndrome（nonalcoholic） | 失憶症徵候群 |
|
Dementia 如：dementia in syphilis；dementia in epilepsy |
癡呆症 |
|
Organic
brain syndromes（chronic） 如：organic psychosis |
器質性腦徵候群（慢性） |
| Schizophrenic disorders | 精神分裂症 |
| Schizophrenic disorders, disorganized type | 精神分裂症，無組織性型 |
| Schizophrenic disorders, disorganized type, chronic with acute exacerbation | 精神分裂症，無組織性型，慢性伴有急性發作 |
| Schizophrenic disorders, catatonic type | 精神分裂症，緊張型 |
| Schizophrenic disorders, catatonic type, chronic with acute exacerbation | 精神分裂症，緊張型，慢性伴有急性發作 |
| Schizophrenic disorders, paranoid type | 精神分裂症，妄想型 |
| Schizophrenic disorders, paranoid type, chronic with acute excerbation | 精神分裂症，妄想型，慢性伴有急性發作 |
| Acute schizophrenic episode | 急性精神分裂症發作 |
| Residual schizophrenia | 殘餘型精神分裂症 |
| Residual schizophrenia, chronic with acute exacerbation | 殘餘型精神分裂症，慢性伴有急性發作 |
| Schizo-affective type | 情感性精神分裂症 |
| Schizo-affective type, chronic with acute exacerbation | 情感性精神分裂症，慢性伴有急性發作 |
| Schizophrenia | 精神分裂症 |
| Schizophrenia, chronic with acute exacerbation | 精神分裂症，慢性伴有急性發作 |
| Affective psychoses | 情感性精神病 |
| Major depressive disorder, single episode | 重鬱症, 單純發作 |
| Major depressive disorder, single episode, mild | 重鬱症，單純發作，輕度 |
| Major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate | 重鬱症，單純發作，中度 |
| Major depressive disorder, single episode, severe | 重鬱症，單純發作，重度 |
| Major depressive disorder single episode, severe specified as with psychotic behavior | 重鬱症，單純發作，重度伴有精神病性行為 |
| Major depressive disorder, recurrent episode | 重鬱症, 復發 |
| Major depressive disorder, recurrent episode, mild | 重鬱症，復發性，輕度 |
| Major depressive disorder, recurrent episode, moderate | 重鬱症，復發性，中度 |
| Major depressive disorder, recurrent episode, severe | 重鬱症，復發，重度 |
| Major depressive disorder, recurrent episode, severe specified as with psychotic behavior | 重鬱症，復發性，重度伴有精神病性行為 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, manic | 雙極性情感異常，躁型 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, manic, mild | 雙極性情感異常，躁型，輕度 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, manic, moderate | 雙極性情感異常，躁型，中度 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, manic, severe | 雙極性情感異常，躁型，重度 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, manic, severe specified as with psychotic behavior | 雙極性情感異常，躁型，重度伴有精神病性行為 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, depressed | 雙極性情感異常, 鬱型 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, depressed, mild | 雙極性情感異常，鬱型，輕度 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, depressed, moderate | 雙極性情感異常，鬱型，中度 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, depressed, severe | 雙極性情感異常，鬱型，重度 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, depressed, severe specified as with psychotic behavior | 雙極性情感異常，鬱型，重度伴有精神病性行為 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, mixed | 雙極性情感異常, 混合型 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, mixed, mild | 雙極性情感異常，混合型，輕度 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, mixed, moderate | 雙極性情感異常，混合型，中度 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, mixed, sever | 雙極性情感異常，混合型，重度 |
| Bipolar affective disorder, mixed, sever specified as with psychotic behavior | 雙極性情感異常，混合型，重度伴有精神病性行為 |
| Paranoid states | 妄想狀態 |
| Paraphrenia | 晚發妄想性精神病 |
| Shared paranoid disorder | 誘發性妄想性精神病 |
| Psychoses with origin specific to childhood | 源於兒童期之精神病 |
| Infantile autism, current or active state | 幼兒自閉症，發作或活動性狀態 |
| Infantile autism, residual state | 幼兒自閉症, 殘餘狀態 |
| Disintegrative psychosis, current or active state | 崩解性精神病，發作或活性狀態 |
| Disintegrative psychosis, residual state | 崩解性精神病, 殘餘狀態 |
| Neurotic disorders | 精神官能症 |
| Anxiety states | 焦慮狀態 |
| Panic disorder | 恐慌症 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 泛性焦慮症 |
| Conversion disorder | 轉化症 |
| Factitious illness with psychological symptoms | 偽病伴有心理症狀 |
| Phobic state | 畏懼狀態 |
| Agoraphobia with panic attacks | 懼曠症伴有恐慌發作 |
| Agoraphobia | 懼曠症 |
| Social phobia | 懼社交症 |
| Isolated or simple phobias | 單獨或單純畏懼 |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorders | 強迫症 |
| Neurotic depression | 精神官能性憂鬱症 |
| Neurasthenia | 神經衰弱症 |
| Hypochondriasis | 慮病症 |
| Somatization disorder | 身體化症 |
| Personality disorders | 人格違常 |
| Paranoid personality disorder | 妄想性人格違常 |
| Cyclothymic disorder | 情感循環性人格違常 |
| Schizoid personality disorder | 分裂性人格違常 |
| Schizotypal personality | 分裂型人格 |
| Compulsive personality disorder | 強迫性人格違常 |
| Histrionic personality disorder | 劇化性人格違常 |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 異規性人格違常 |
| Narcissistic personality | 自戀性人格 |
| Borderline personality | 邊緣性人格 |
| Passive-aggressive personality | 被動─侵略性人格 |
| Sexual deviations and disorders (含paraphilia、pedophilia、necrophilia、bestiality、klismaphilia、zoophilia、coprophilia等) | 性心理變態及疾患 |
| Homosexuality | 同性戀 |
| Transvestism | 扮異性症 |
| Exhibitionism | 暴露症 |
| Trans-sexualism | 變性症 |
| Disorders of psychosexual identity（gender identity disorder in children） | 性心理認同障礙 |
| Psychosexual dysfunction（含sexual desire disorders、sexual arousal disorders、orgasmic disorders、dyspareunia） | 性心理性功能障礙 |
| Psychosexual dysfunction with premature ejaculation | 伴有早洩之性心理性功能障礙 |
| Psychosexual disorders（fetishism, voyeurism, sexual masochism） | 性心理變態及疾患（fetishism戀物症, voyeurism窺視症, sexual masochism性被虐待症） |
| Gender identity disorder of adolescent or adult life | 青春期或成人期性認同異常 |
| Alcohol dependence syndrome (alcohol intoxication） | 酒癮症候群 |
| Drug dependence | 藥物依賴 |
| Nondependent use of drugs（alcohol abuse） | 非依賴性藥物濫用 |
| Physiological malfunction arising from mental factors | 心因性生理障礙 |
| Special symptoms or syndromes（enuresis、encopresis） | 特殊症狀或症候群 |
| Stammering and stuttering | 結巴與口吃 |
| Anorexia nervosa | 神經性厭食 |
| Tics | 習慣性抽動 |
| Gilles de la tourette's disorder | 基列得拉吐瑞氏症候群 |
| Stereotyped repetitive movements | 常同性反覆動作（撞頭等行為，常見於智能不足患者） |
| Specific disorders of sleep of nonorganic origin (sleepwalking, nightmares, insomnia） | 非器質性特殊睡眠障礙（sleepwalking夢遊, nightmares夢魘, insomnia失眠） |
| Disorders of eating（bulimia、pica、psychogenic vomiting、infantile feeding disturbances） | 飲食障礙 |
| Psychalgia（tension headache、psychogenic backache等） | 心因性疼痛 |
| Acute reaction to stress（catastrophic stress、posttraumatic stress disorder等） | 急性壓力反應 |
| Adjustment reaction（separation anxiety disorder、culture shock、chronic posttraumatic stress disorder、concentration camp syndrome、elective mutism as adjustment reaction） | 環境適應障礙 |
| Specific nonpsychotic mental disorders due to organic brain damage （postconcussion syndrome or encephalopathy） | 器質性腦傷後之特殊非精神病性心理疾患 |
| Frontal lobe syndrome | 額葉症候群 |
| Organic personality syndrome | 器質性人格疾患 |
| Disturbance of conduct（impulse control disorder、pathological gambling、kleptomania、pyromania、intermittent explosive disorder、isolated explosive disorder等） | 行為障礙 |
| Disturbance of emotions specific to childhood and adolescence（overanxious disorder、misery and unhappiness disorder、sensitivity, shyness, and social withdrawal disorder、social withdrawal of childhood or adolescence、elective mustism、oppositional disorder、id | 特發於兒童期與青春期之情緒障礙 |
| Hyperkinetic syndrome of child | 兒童期過動症候群 |
| Delays in development | 發展遲滯 |
| Reading disorder | 閱讀遲滯 |
| Arithmetical disorder | 算術遲滯 |
| Developmental speech or language disorder | 語言及語文發展障礙 |
| Coordination disorder | 動作協調疾患 |
| Psychic factor associated with physical disease | 心理因素合併之身體疾病（如氣喘、潰瘍等） |
| Mild mental retardation | 輕度智能不足 |
| Moderate mental retardation | 中度智能不足 |
| Severe mental retardation | 重度智能不足 |
| Profound mental retardation | 極度智能不足 |
